New-Onset Arthritis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine has effectively suppressed the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and alleviated its symptoms, but there are also many adverse events. Joint diseases caused by COVID-19 vaccine have been reported in many studies. Some are well-controlled arthritis patients who developed arthritis after COVID-19 vaccination, while others are new-onset joint pain and swelling problems after COVID-19 vaccination. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the literature reports in existing databases and analyze the incidence of new-onset arthritis after COVID-19 vaccination. We included 31 eligible articles and described 45 patients, ranging in age from 17 to over 90, with more females than males. The majority (84.4%) of patients received the adenovirus vector vaccine (ChAdOx1) and the mRNA-based vaccine (BNT126b2 and mRNA-1273). Most (64.4%) patients developed joint-related symptoms after the first dose of vaccine, and 66.7% developed symptoms within the first week of vaccination. The joint symptoms involved were mainly joint swelling, joint pain, limited range of motion, and so on. A total of 71.1% of the patients involved multiple joints, both large and small; 28.9% of patients involved only a single joint. Some (33.3%) patients were confirmed by imaging, and the most common diagnoses were bursitis and synovitis. Two nonspecific inflammatory markers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were monitored in almost all cases, and all patients showed varying degrees of increase in these two markers. Most of the patients received the treatment of glucocorticoid drugs or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Clinical symptoms markedly improved in most patients, with 26.7% making a full recovery and no relapse after a few months of follow-up. To determine whether there is a causal relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and the triggering of arthritis, large-scale and well-controlled research studies are needed in the future to verify this relationship and to further study its pathogenesis in detail. Clinicians should raise awareness of this complication with a view to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Genomic evidence for divergent co-infections of co-circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages.

Co-infection of RNA viruses may contribute to their recombination and cause severe clinical symptoms. However, the tracking and identification of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection persist as challenges. Due to the lack of methods for detecting co-infected samples in a large amount of deep sequencing data, the lineage composition, spatial-temporal distribution, and frequency of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection events in the population remains unclear. Here, we propose a hypergeometric distribution-based method named Cov2Coinfect with the ability to decode the lineage composition from 50,809 deep sequencing data. By resolving the mutational patterns in each sample, Cov2Coinfect can precisely determine the co-infected SARS-CoV-2 variants from deep sequencing data. Results from two independent and parallel projects in the United States achieved a similar co-infection rate of 0.3-0.5 % in SARS-CoV-2 positive samples. Notably, all co-infected variants were highly consistent with the co-circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages in the regional epidemiology, demonstrating that the co-circulation of different variants is an essential prerequisite for co-infection. Overall, our study not only provides a robust method to identify the co-infected SARS-CoV-2 variants from sequencing samples, but also highlights the urgent need to pay more attention to co-infected patients for better disease prevention and control.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Control Measures on the Mental Health of the General Population : A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To what extent the COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures influenced mental health in the general population is still unclear. PURPOSE: To assess the trajectory of mental health symptoms during the first year of the pandemic and examine dose-response relations with characteristics of the pandemic and its containment. DATA SOURCES: Relevant articles were identified from the living evidence database of the COVID-19 Open Access Project, which indexes COVID-19-related publications from MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via Ovid, and PsycInfo. Preprint publications were not considered. STUDY SELECTION: Longitudinal studies that reported data on the general population's mental health using validated scales and that were published before 31 March 2021 were eligible. DATA EXTRACTION: An international crowd of 109 trained reviewers screened references and extracted study characteristics, participant characteristics, and symptom scores at each timepoint. Data were also included for the following country-specific variables: days since the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the stringency of governmental containment measures, and the cumulative numbers of cases and deaths. DATA SYNTHESIS: In a total of 43 studies (331 628 participants), changes in symptoms of psychological distress, sleep disturbances, and mental well-being varied substantially across studies. On average, depression and anxiety symptoms worsened in the first 2 months of the pandemic (standardized mean difference at 60 days, -0.39 [95% credible interval, -0.76 to -0.03]); thereafter, the trajectories were heterogeneous. There was a linear association of worsening depression and anxiety with increasing numbers of reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and increasing stringency in governmental measures. Gender, age, country, deprivation, inequalities, risk of bias, and study design did not modify these associations. LIMITATIONS: The certainty of the evidence was low because of the high risk of bias in included studies and the large amount of heterogeneity. Stringency measures and surges in cases were strongly correlated and changed over time. The observed associations should not be interpreted as causal relationships. CONCLUSION: Although an initial increase in average symptoms of depression and anxiety and an association between higher numbers of reported cases and more stringent measures were found, changes in mental health symptoms varied substantially across studies after the first 2 months of the pandemic. This suggests that different populations responded differently to the psychological stress generated by the pandemic and its containment measures. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Swiss National Science Foundation. (PROSPERO: CRD42020180049).

DDX3X Is Hijacked by Snakehead Vesiculovirus Phosphoprotein To Facilitate Virus Replication via Stabilization of the Phosphoprotein.

Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD) box helicase 3 X-linked (DDX3X) plays important regulatory roles in the replication of many viruses. However, the role of DDX3X in rhabdovirus replication has seldomly been investigated. In this study, snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV), a kind of fish rhabdovirus, was used to study the role of DDX3X in rhabdovirus replication. DDX3X was identified as an interacting partner of SHVV phosphoprotein (P). The expression level of DDX3X was increased at an early stage of SHVV infection and then decreased to a normal level at a later infection stage. Overexpression of DDX3X promoted, while knockdown of DDX3X using specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) suppressed, SHVV replication, indicating that DDX3X was a proviral factor for SHVV replication. The N-terminal and core domains of DDX3X (DDX3X-N and DDX3X-Core) were determined to be the regions responsible for its interaction with SHVV P. Overexpression of DDX3X-Core suppressed SHVV replication by competitively disrupting the interaction between full-length DDX3X and SHVV P, suggesting that full-length DDX3X-P interaction was required for SHVV replication. Mechanistically, DDX3X-mediated promotion of SHVV replication was due not to inhibition of interferon expression but to maintenance of the stability of SHVV P to avoid autophagy-lysosome-dependent degradation. Collectively, our data suggest that DDX3X is hijacked by SHVV P to ensure effective replication of SHVV, which suggests an important anti-SHVV target. This study will help elucidate the role of DDX3X in regulating the replication of rhabdoviruses. IMPORTANCE Growing evidence has suggested that DDX3X plays important roles in virus replication. In one respect, DDX3X inhibits the replication of viruses, including hepatitis B virus, influenza A virus, Newcastle disease virus, duck Tembusu virus, and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus. In another respect, DDX3X is required for the replication of viruses, including hepatitis C virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, murine norovirus, herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Because DDX3X has rarely been investigated in rhabdovirus replication, this study aimed at investigating the role of DDX3X in rhabdovirus replication by using the fish rhabdovirus SHVV as a model. We found that DDX3X was required for SHVV replication, with the mechanism that DDX3X interacts with and maintains the stability of SHVV phosphoprotein. Our data provide novel insights into the role of DDX3X in virus replication and will facilitate the design of antiviral drugs against rhabdovirus infection.

Stress response and influencing factors among fever outpatients and children's families during normalisation of the COVID-19 epidemic: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To examine the demographic characteristics associated with stress response of fever outpatients and children's families during normalisation of the COVID-19 epidemic and to examine the relationship between stress response, coping style and resilience. DESIGN: Online cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 541 fever clinic participants from Yiwu, China, were recruited via WeChat from February to November 2021. Online self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analysed using t-tests, one-way analyses of variance, Pearson's correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: There were apparent physical and emotional responses among the fever outpatients, especially the adult patients. The main coping style was negative coping, and the degree of psychological resilience was low. Income, comorbidities, religious beliefs, tenacity, negative coping and positive coping were independent predictors of stress response.

Changes in endemic patterns of respiratory syncytial virus infection in pediatric patients under the pressure of nonpharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 in Beijing, China.

A series of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) was launched in Beijing, China, on January 24, 2020, to control coronavirus disease 2019. To reveal the roles of NPIs on the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), respiratory specimens collected from children with acute respiratory tract infection between July 2017 and Dec 2021 in Beijing were screened by capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR (CEMP) assay. Specimens positive for RSV were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by G gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using iqtree v1.6.12. The parallel and fixed (paraFix) mutations were analyzed with the R package sitePath. Clinical data were compared using SPSS 22.0 software. Before NPIs launched, each RSV endemic season started from October/November to February/March of the next year in Beijing. After that, the RSV positive rate abruptly dropped from 31.93% in January to 4.39% in February 2020; then, a dormant state with RSV positive rates ≤1% from March to September, a nearly dormant state in October (2.85%) and November (2.98%) and a delayed endemic season in 2020, and abnormal RSV positive rates remaining at approximately 10% in summer until September 2021 were detected. Finally, an endemic RSV season returned in October 2021. There was a game between Subtypes A and B, and RSV-A replaced RSV-B in July 2021 to become the dominant subtype. Six RSV-A and eight RSV-B paraFix mutations were identified on G. The percentage of severe pneumonia patients decreased to 40.51% after NPIs launched. NPIs launched in Beijing seriously interfered with the endemic season of RSV.

The social and mental impact on healthcare workers: A comparative and cross-sectional study during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a heavily burden on healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare differences in psychological and social impact between two waves of the pandemic among first- and second-line HCWs in Taiwan. The current study derived data from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021. Levels of depression, sleep disturbance, psychological distress, social impact, and demographic variables were collected through self-reported questionnaires. The independent t test was used to compare differences in scores between the first and second wave of the pandemic. Differences between first- and second-line HCWs were also analyzed. A total of 711 HCWs in the first wave and 560 HCWs in the second wave were recruited. For the first- and second-line HCWs, the social impact during the second wave was higher than during the first wave, and they expressed a higher intention to maintain social distancing and were more aware of the pandemic overseas in the second wave. The first-line HCWs had a trend of worse sleep quality during the second wave. In addition, sleep quality was worse in the first-line HCWs than in the second-line HCWs during both waves. The second-line HCWs expressed a greater desire to seek COVID-19-related information than the first-line HCWs during the first wave, and more intended to maintain social distancing during the second wave. Our results show the importance of evaluating the social and mental health burden of HCWs, and especially first-line workers.

Saving 80% Polypropylene in Facemasks by Laser-Assisted Melt-Blown Nanofibers.

The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic requires enormous production of facemasks and related personal protection materials, thereby increasing the amount of nondegradable plastic waste. The core material for facemasks is melt-blown polypropylene (PP) fiber. Each disposable facemask consumes ∼0.7 g of PP fibers, resulting in annual global consumption and disposal of more than 1 150 000 tons of PP fibers annually. Herein, we developed a laser-assisted melt-blown (LAMB) technique to manufacture PP nanofibers with a quality factor of 0.17 Pa-1 and significantly reduced the filter's weight. We demonstrated that a standard surgical facemask could be made with only 0.13 g of PP nanofibers, saving approximately 80% of the PP materials used in commercial facemasks. Theoretical analysis and modeling were also conducted to understand the LAMB process. Importantly, nanofibers can be easily scaled up for mass production by upgrading traditional melt blown line with scanning laser-assisted melt-blown (SLAMB).

Relationship of Societal Adaptation with Vaccine Worries among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Vaccine hesitancy has become a major public health problem among healthcare workers (HCWs) in this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between societal adaptation and vaccine worries and the mediating effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicators in HCWs. A total of 435 HCWs (327 women and 108 men) were recruited. Their levels of societal adaptation were evaluated using the Societal Influences Survey Questionnaire (SISQ). Their severity and frequency of PTSD symptoms were examined using the Disaster-Related Psychological Screening Test (DRPST). The severity of vaccine worries was assessed using the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale. The relationships among societal adaptation, PTSD, and vaccine worries were examined using structural equation modeling. The severity of societal adaptation was positively associated with both the severity of PTSD and the severity of vaccine worries. In addition, the severity of PTSD indicators was positively associated with the severity of vaccine worries. These results demonstrated that the severity of societal adaptation was related to the severity of vaccine worries, either directly or indirectly. The indirect relationship was mediated by the severity of PTSD. Societal adaptation and PTSD should be taken into consideration by the community of professionals working on vaccine hesitancy. Early detection and intervention of PTSD should be the objectives for programs aiming to lower vaccine hesitancy among HCWs.

Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost schedules with an adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Heterologous prime-boost with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vector vaccine (ChAd) and a messenger RNA vaccine (BNT or mRNA-1273) has been widely facilitating mass coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunisation. This review aimed to synthesize immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous immunisations with ChAd and BNT (mRNA-1273) vaccine compared with homologous ChAd or BNT (mRNA-1273) immunisation. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from inception to March 7, 2022. Immunogenicity involving serum antibodies against different SAS-CoV-2 fragments, neutralizing antibody, or spike-specific T cells response were compared. Any, local and systemic reactions were pooled by meta-analysis for comparison. RESULTS: Of 14,571 records identified, 13 studies (3024 participants) were included for analysis. Compared with homologous BNT/BNT vaccination, heterologous ChAd/BNT schedule probably induced noninferior anti-spike protein while higher neutralizing antibody and better T cells response. Heterologous ChAd/BNT (mRNA-1273) immunisation induced superior anti-spike protein and higher neutralizing antibody and better T cells response compared with homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination. Heterologous ChAd/BNT (mRNA-1273) had similar risk of any reaction (RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.86-1.96) while higher risk of local reactions (RR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.27-2.15) and systemic reactions (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.17-1.90) compared with homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination. There was a higher risk of local reactions (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.31) in heterologous ChAd/BNT (mRNA-1273) vaccination compare with homologous BNT/BNT but a similar risk of any reaction (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.79-1.34) and systemic reactions (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.60-1.30). CONCLUSIONS: Heterologous ChAd/BNT schedule induced at least comparable immunogenicity compared with homologous BNT/BNT and better immunogenicity compared with homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination. The synthetical evidence supported the general application of heterologous prime-boost vaccination using ChAd and BNT COVID-19 vaccines.

Research on the influencing factors of fatigue and professional identity among CDC workers in China: an online cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the status quo and the influencing factors of fatigue and professional identity among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) workers in China during the pandemic. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design. SETTING: CDC workers employed by the Liaoning CDC system were enrolled (administrative staffs were excluded). PARTICIPANTS: 1020 CDC workers. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Fatigue scores and professional identity scores. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Postcompetency scores, respect scores, occupational stress scores, resilience scores and self-efficacy scores. RESULTS: The average scores of fatigue and professional identity were 8.23, 38.88, respectively. Factors including perceived public respect (ß=-0.129, p<0.01), resilience (ß=-0.104, p<0.05) and self-efficacy (ß=-0.22, p<0.01) were negatively associated with fatigue. Educational background (bachelor vs junior college or below) (ß=0.105, p<0.01), (master or above vs junior college or below) (ß=0.092, p<0.05), workplace (county vs district) (ß=0.067, p<0.05), (city vs district) (ß=0.085, p<0.05), fighting the COVID-19 on the front line (ß=0.059, p<0.05) and occupational stress (ß=0.166, p<0.01) were positively correlated with fatigue. Educational background (bachelor vs junior college or below) (ß=-0.097, p<0.01), (master or above vs junior college or below) (ß=-0.114, p<0.01), workplace (city vs district) (ß=-0.114, p<0.01), fighting the COVID-19 on the front line (ß=-0.047, p<0.05) and occupational stress (ß=-0.105, p<0.01) were negatively associated with professional identity. Factors including postcompetency (ß=0.362, p<0.01), perceived public respect (general vs low) (ß=0.219, p<0.01), (high vs low) (ß=0.288, p<0.01), resilience (ß=0.097, p<0.05) and self-efficacy (ß=0.113, p<0.01) were positively connected with professional identity. CONCLUSION: The fatigue among the CDC workers was at a higher level. The level of professional identity was high, and administrators should take measures to alleviate fatigue and maintain professional identity. In addition, methods aiming to attenuate occupational stress, and improve resilience and self-efficacy should be immediately put into action.

Stress, academic burnout, smartphone use types and problematic smartphone use: The moderation effects of resilience.

Few studies have investigated stress in association with social and process smartphone use and how these types of use influence problematic smartphone use during the COVID-19 pandemic; furthermore, the moderation effects of resilience have been rarely tested in this model. For these, a cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 766 Chinese undergraduate students (74.4% female; M = 20.1 years, SD = 1.15) who were measured with their levels of stress, academic burnout, smartphone use types (social/process smartphone use), resilience, and problematic smartphone use. Based on the I-PACE theory, we built a structural equation model, and the results indicated that compared with social smartphone use, process smartphone use more related to problematic smartphone use; academic burnout fully mediated between stress and process smartphone use, and between stress and problematic smartphone use. Moreover, resilience moderated between stress and academic burnout, between academic burnout and process smartphone use, and between academic burnout and problematic smartphone use. We discuss the process smartphone use as a key indicator of problematic smartphone use and the role of academic burnout for linking stress and smartphone use behaviors. In addition, interventions for enhancing resilience should be launched in the future.

Potential metal-related strategies for prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed severe threats to human health, public safety, and the global economy. Metal nutrient elements can directly or indirectly take part in human immune responses, and metal-related drugs have served as antiviral drugs and/or enzyme inhibitors for many years, providing potential solutions to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Metal-based drugs are currently under a variety of chemical structures and exhibit wide-range bioactivities, demonstrating irreplaceable advantages in pharmacology. This review is an intention to summarize recent progress in the prevention and treatment strategies against COVID-19 from the perspective of metal pharmacology. The current and potential utilization of metal-based drugs is briefly introduced. Specifically, metallohydrogels that have been shown to present superior antiviral activities are stressed in the paper as potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.

Clustering Spatially Correlated Functional Data With Multiple Scalar Covariates.

We propose a probabilistic model for clustering spatially correlated functional data with multiple scalar covariates. The motivating application is to partition the 29 provinces of the Chinese mainland into a few groups characterized by the epidemic severity of COVID-19, while the spatial dependence and effects of risk factors are considered. It can be regarded as an extension of mixture models, which allows different subsets of covariates to influence the component weights and the component densities by modeling the parameters of the mixture as functions of the covariates. In this way, provinces with similar spatial factors are a priori more likely to be clustered together. Posterior predictive inference in this model formalizes the desired prediction. Further, the identifiability of the proposed model is analyzed, and sufficient conditions to guarantee ``generic'' identifiability are provided. An L1-penalized estimator is developed to assist variable selection and robust estimation when the number of explanatory covariates is large. An efficient expectation-minimization algorithm is presented for parameter estimation. Simulation studies and real-data examples are presented to investigate the empirical performance of the proposed method. Finally, it is worth noting that the proposed model has a wide range of practical applications, e.g., health management, environmental science, ecological studies, and so on.

Host Factor Interaction Networks Identified by Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Therapeutic Implications in COPD Patients With COVID-19

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic poses an imminent threat to humanity, especially for those who have comorbidities. Evidence of COVID-19 and COPD comorbidities is accumulating. However, data revealing the molecular mechanism of COVID-19 and COPD comorbid diseases is limited. Methods: We got COVID-19/COPD -related genes from different databases by restricted screening conditions (top500), respectively, and then supplemented with COVID-19/COPD-associated genes (FDR<0.05, ;LogFC;≥1) from clinical sample data sets. By taking the intersection, 42 co-morbid host factors for COVID-19 and COPD were finally obtained. On the basis of shared host factors, we conducted a series of bioinformatics analysis, including protein-protein interaction analysis, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis, transcription factor-gene interaction network analysis, gene-microRNA co-regulatory network analysis, tissue-specific enrichment analysis and candidate drug prediction. Results: We revealed the comorbidity mechanism of COVID-19 and COPD from the perspective of host factor interaction, obtained the top ten gene and 3 modules with different biological functions. Furthermore, we have obtained the signaling pathways and concluded that dexamethasone, estradiol, progesterone, and nitric oxide shows effective interventions. Conclusion: This study revealed host factor interaction networks for COVID-19 and COPD, which could confirm the potential drugs for treating the comorbidity, ultimately, enhancing the management of the respiratory disease.

Reminders of COVID-19 social distancing can intensify physical pain

Social distance regulations have been widely implemented to control the global COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals have thus been experiencing social pain through social distance regulations. Prior research has shown that social and physical pains share a common neural alarm system. Hence, COVID-19 social distancing should enhance sensitivity to physical pain. Two laboratory studies were conducted to test the spillover effect of COVID-19 social distancing on physical pain. The findings supported our hypothesis by showing that participants who were reminded of COVID-19 social distancing reported a higher level of pain perception in response to immersion in hot water (Experiment 1, N = 102) and expressed a lower pain threshold measured by a pressure algometer than did those of controls (Experiment 2, N = 140). This may be the first experimental evidence demonstrating that people primed with COVID-19 social distancing have increased sensitivity to physical pain. Our findings suggest that people might be more likely to experience physical pain under the impact of COVID-19 social distancing. The association between a heightened sense of social disconnection in a global pandemic and increased sensitivity to physical pain should receive more attention.

COVID-related psychological distress fully mediates the association from social impact to sleep disturbance among patients with chronic schizophrenia.

The aims of the current study were to identify factors associated with sleep disturbance and Coronavirus disease-19 related psychological distress (CPD), and to develop a conceptual model to verify the mediating effect of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance. This study recruited patients with schizophrenia. Factors associated with the level of sleep disturbance and CPD were identified using univariate linear regression, and further selected into a stepwise multivariate linear regression model. Using structural equation modeling, a mediation model was developed to test the mediating effect of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance. After estimating with the stepwise and bootstrap regression, higher levels of CPD were associated with higher levels of social anxiety and subjects without a regular diet. Sleep disturbance was associated with a higher level of social anxiety, a history of psychological trauma, chronic disease, and those who did not smoke. The final model confirmed the mediating effects of CPD; whereas, the direct effect from social impact to sleep disturbance did not reach statistical significance. The current study manifests the crucial role of CPD on the association between social impact and sleep disturbance, and timely intervention for CPD is warranted.

Identification of COVID-19 and Dengue Host Factor Interaction Networks Based on Integrative Bioinformatics Analyses.

Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an international public health crisis, and the number of cases with dengue co-infection has raised concerns. Unfortunately, treatment options are currently limited or even unavailable. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore the underlying mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic targets for co-infection. Methods: To further understand the mechanisms underlying co-infection, we used a series of bioinformatics analyses to build host factor interaction networks and elucidate biological process and molecular function categories, pathway activity, tissue-specific enrichment, and potential therapeutic agents. Results: We explored the pathologic mechanisms of COVID-19 and dengue co-infection, including predisposing genes, significant pathways, biological functions, and possible drugs for intervention. In total, 460 shared host factors were collected; among them, CCL4 and AhR targets were important. To further analyze biological functions, we created a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and performed Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) analysis. In addition, common signaling pathways were acquired, and the toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways exerted a significant effect on the interaction. Upregulated genes were identified based on the activity score of dysregulated genes, such as IL-1, Hippo, and TNF-α. We also conducted tissue-specific enrichment analysis and found ICAM-1 and CCL2 to be highly expressed in the lung. Finally, candidate drugs were screened, including resveratrol, genistein, and dexamethasone. Conclusions: This study probes host factor interaction networks for COVID-19 and dengue and provides potential drugs for clinical practice. Although the findings need to be verified, they contribute to the treatment of co-infection and the management of respiratory disease.

Quercetin for COVID-19 and DENGUE co-infection: a potential therapeutic strategy of targeting critical host signal pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and DENV.

BACKGROUND: The clinical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 and DENGUE virus co-infection are not promising. However, their treatment options are currently unavailable. Current studies have shown that quercetin is both resistant to COVID-19 and DENGUE; this study aimed to evaluate the possible functional roles and underlying mechanisms of action of quercetin as a potential molecular candidate against COVID-19 and DENGUE co-infection. METHODS: We used a series of bioinformatics analyses to understand and characterize the biological functions, pharmacological targets and therapeutic mechanisms of quercetin in COVID-19 and DENGUE co-infection. RESULTS: We revealed the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and DENGUE, including pathological mechanisms, key inflammatory pathways and possible methods of intervention, 60 overlapping targets related to the co-infection and the drug were identified, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) was constructed and TNFα, CCL-2 and CXCL8 could become potential drug targets. Furthermore, we disclosed the signaling pathways, biological functions and upstream pathway activity of quercetin in COVID-19 and DENGUE. The analysis indicated that quercetin could inhibit cytokines release, alleviate excessive immune responses and eliminate inflammation, through NF-κB, IL-17 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to reveal quercetin as a pharmacological drug for COVID-19 and DENGUE co-infection. COVID-19 and DENGUE co-infection remain a potential threat to the world's public health system. Therefore, we need innovative thinking to provide admissible evidence for quercetin as a potential molecule drug for the treatment of COVID-19 and DENGUE, but the findings have not been verified in actual patients, so further clinical drug trials are needed.

The Prevalence of Psychological Status During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The COVID-19 is creating panic among people around the world and is causing a huge public mental health crisis. Large numbers of observational studies focused on the prevalence of psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic were published. It is essential to conduct a meta-analysis of the prevalence of different psychological statuses to insight the psychological reactions of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Sixty six observational studies about the psychological statuses of people during the COVID-19 were included, searching up to 1 December 2020. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. OpenMeta[Analyst] was used for the data analysis. High prevalence of acute stress and fear symptoms were observed in the early period of the epidemic. Additionally, anxiety and depression symptoms continued at a high prevalence rate during the epidemic. It should alert the lasting mental health problems and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD 42020171485.